Frontline nurses experiences about human caring during pandemic of COVID-19: A directed content analysis study.

AIM: This study aims to investigate experiences of frontline nurses about human caring during COVID-19 pandemic based on the Ten Caritas Processes® of Watson's Human Caring Theory. DESIGN: A directed content analysis was performed. METHODS: A total of 15 frontline nurses were recruited by purposive sampling from Razi hospital (north of Iran), in 2020 and semi-structured interviews were conducted. RESULTS: Extracted categories based on Ten Caritas Processes® included feeling satisfied in providing care to patients, effective presence with patients, moving towards self-actualization (moving towards transcendence), care with trust and compassion, experience positive and negative emotions, creativity in providing care, self-directing learning experience in the field of care, unfavourable environment for providing care, feeling acceptance and worth, uncertainty (facing the unknown). This study showed that communication skills, self-sensitivity, patient dignity, teaching-learning and problem-solving skills, holistic attention to the patient, and the provision of a healing environment are necessary for patient care.

Adaptive modes of adults' men during the COVID-19: qualitative analysis under Roy model / Modos de adaptación de hombres adultos durante el COVID-19: análisis cualitativo bajo el modelo de Roy / Modos adaptativos de homens adultos durante a COVID-19: análise qualitativa sob o modelo de Roy

Objective. This study aims to understand how adult men adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Qualitative study involving 45 adult men residing in Brazil in 2020. Data were obtained from a Web Survey and treated using Reflective Thematic Analysis and interpreted in the light of Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic mobilized in men the ways of adaptation that are configured in: mobilization of the physiological-physical and regulatory dimension: adjustments in the sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and maintenance of physical activity; group self-concept identity: managing emotions; role function: self-knowledge and self-care; interdependence: adjustments in the marital relationship, family ties and paternity, investment in training and studies and control of excessive consumption of content on cell phones. Conclusion. The perception of the own vulnerability favored the entry of men into ways of adaptation in search of balance during the pandemic, motivating them to move through practices of taking care of themselves and taking care of others. Markers of psycho-emotional distress alert to adherence to new modes of care capable of promoting healthy transitions in the face of disruptions and uncertainties generated by the pandemic. This evidence can support the establishment of goals for nursing care aimed at men.

Objetivo. Comprender cómo se estructuran los modos de adaptación de los hombres adultos a la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Estudio cualitativo que involucró 45 hombres adultos en Brasil en 2020. Los datos se recolectaron mediante la Encuesta Web y a continuación se sometieron al Análisis Temático Reflexivo e interpretados bajo el Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy. Resultados. La pandemia de COVID-19 movilizó en los hombres modos de adaptación que se configuran en: movilización de la dimensión fisiológico-física y reguladora: ajustes en el patrón del sueño, la alimentación y el mantenimiento de la actividad física; autoconcepto grupal de identidad: gestión de las emociones; función de rol: autoconocimiento y autocuidado; interdependencia: ajustes en la relación conyugal, vinculación familiar y paternidad, inversión en formación y estudios, y control del consumo excesivo de contenidos en el dispositivo móvil. Conclusión. La percepción de la propia vulnerabilidad favoreció el ingreso de los hombres a modos de adaptación en busca del equilibrio durante la pandemia, lo que los estimuló a transitar por prácticas de cuidarse a sí mismos y cuidar de los demás. Los marcadores de sufrimiento psicoemocional alertan sobre la adhesión a nuevos modos de atención capaces de promover transiciones saludables ante las disrupciones e incertidumbres generadas por la pandemia. Esta evidencia puede apoyar el establecimiento de metas para el cuidado de enfermería hacia los hombres.

Objetivo. Compreender como se estruturam os modos de adaptação de homens adultos à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos. Estudo qualitativo que envolveu 45 homens adultos residentes no Brasil em 2020. Os dados foram obtidos de Web Survey e tratados mediante Análise Temática Reflexiva e interpretados à luz do Modelo de Adaptação de Callista Roy. Resultados. A pandemia da COVID-19 mobilizou nos homens os modos de adaptação que se configuram em: mobilização da dimensão fisiológico-física e regulatória: ajustes no padrão de sono, alimentar e manutenção da atividade física; identidade do autoconceito de grupo: gestão das emoções; função de papel: autoconhecimento e autocuidado; interdependência: ajustes no relacionamento conjugal, vinculação familiar e na paternidade, investimento na formação e estudos e controle do consumo excessivo de conteúdos no aparelho celular. Conclusão. A percepção da própria vulnerabilidade favoreceu a entrada dos homens em modos de adaptação em busca de equilíbrio durante a pandemia, motivando-os a transitar por práticas de cuidar de si e cuidar do outro. Marcadores de sofrimento psicoemocional alertam para adesão a novos modos de cuidado capazes de promover transições saudáveis diante das rupturas e incertezas geradas pela pandemia. Essas evidencias podem apoiar o estabelecimento de metas para o cuidado de Enfermagem dirigido aos homens.

Translating Authentic Nursing Knowledge From One Era to Another.

As time passes, concepts change. The risk to nursing theories is that concepts can shift so far away from a theorist's originally intended meaning that future scholars might misunderstand or misuse what will become historically time-bound theories. To preserve authentic nursing knowledge, the process of conceptual matching and translation is proposed. Two thought experiments are used to demonstrate conceptual translation.

Self-care deficit among older men in the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze self-care deficit among older men in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to discuss the implications for nursing practice. METHODS: web survey, multicentric, qualitative. A total of 120 older men participated, applying a form from April to June 2020 and April to August 2021. Reflective Thematic Analysis, interpreted by Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, was used. RESULTS: temporally, the self-care of older men was manifested in the self-care requirements - affective bonds, self-care for development - meditation and self-care with health deviations - remote consultations. Fully, partially compensatory, educational/support systems mobilized self-care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: as care managers, nurses can strengthen the support network for older men by activating professionals from the multidisciplinary team, family members, caregivers and the community to promote self-care and correct health deviations in times of crisis.

Time for different stories: Reflections on IPONS panel addressing current debates in nursing theory, education and practice.

On 4 February 2021 a group of nurse scholar-educators, nurses and other interested folks came together for the second of two virtual events to think together about the role of philosophy in the nursing world. The live streamed open access event provided an opportunity in the COVID-19 pandemic for over 400 people to listen to five nursing scholars' presentations and to interact virtually through comments in chat and on the @IPONSociety Twitter social media platform. By reading the comments and questions that were generated, and by looking at the social media comments related to the event, it is apparent that philosophy is an important thinking practice for nurses but many audience members critically expressed they felt excluded. Critical issues were raised by participants in chat and on Twitter-pointedly around the need for more representative voices-including the imperative to open nursing philosophy to diverse and disparate worldviews. This dialogue provides a summary of critical points raised during the live question and answer session for the panel entitled Addressing Current Debates in Nursing Theory, Education, Practice as well as examing comments selected from the @IPONSociety Twitter space in response to the panel. One commenter said it was great to see the discussion being lifted up from the influential roots of white supremacy, while other nurses expressed that they wished the panellists themselves were more diverse. In discussion of key takeaway, links are made to historical and ongoing structural oppressions in nursing where thinking practices like nursing philosophy and theory are still dominated by world views emanating from positionalities of able-bodied cis-gendered heterosexual western eurocentric whiteness.

Holistic care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the COVID-19 era: integration of Henderson's Need Theory.

The COVID-19 pandemic has inhibited the practice of diabetic foot ulcer care, particularly in the community. Comprehensive theory-based nursing care is needed to prevent further complications. Unfortunately, a study combining theory with nursing care in diabetic foot ulcer care has not been explored. When caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, who are also at increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19, it is important to take a holistic view of the patient and consider all of their needs and the factors affecting them. Henderson's Need Theory and the 14 basic needs contained within it was chosen to be integrated in the care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the pandemic, with the hope that the findings will help nurses to optimise care in both hospital-based and community practice.

Experiences of COVID-19 survivors: A qualitative study based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring.

This study aims to investigate the experiences of survivors of COVID-19 in Turkey. The research questions and results are structured according to Watson's Theory of Human Caring. The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative research design. The phenomenological method was used to explore the experiences of survivors of COVID-19. A total of 34 survivors of COVID-19 were included in the study. Data were collected using semistructured and open-ended questions online and via telephone interviews between February and March 2020. Data were evaluated using thematic analysis and descriptive analysis. Six main themes and 25 subthemes were defined that describe the experiences of survivors of COVID-19 regarding the illness: (a) denial and adaptation, (b) fear, (c) feeling of hopelessness, (d) preventions, (e) meaning attribution, and (f) metaphors about COVID-19. Information from this research may be used by healthcare professionals to develop new strategies for the care of survivors of COVID-19. Moreover, it can be said that Watson's Theory of Human Caring is suitable for monitoring the psychosocial development of patients with COVID-19.

Teleconsultation as an advanced practice nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Roy and Chick-Meleis.

Teleconsultation can be classified as an advanced practice nursing that requires nurses' clinical reasoning based on a consistent theoretical framework to use in the nursing process. Our study conducted a theoretical-reflective analysis, based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing and Chick-Meleis' Transition Theory, about the contribution of teleconsultation as an advanced practice nursing in the care of older adults with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. We reflect on this in two moments: "nursing theories and dealing with COVID-19" and "ways of adapting to new care models and advanced practice nursing," based on communication and information technologies. The worsening of the pandemic in Brazil changed life cycles, health/disease and organizational processes, demanding the development of an adaptive-transactional state by users and health care providers. Thus, information and communication technologies combined with advanced practice nursing can relieve social distancing and its repercussions on health care.

Roy Adaptation Model: Theory-Based Knowledge and Nursing Care With a Person Experiencing COVID-19.

Nursing theories shed light and guide nursing care through provision of care to persons based on the specialized knowledge base of the profession. Nurses utilizing Roy's adaptation model deliver holistic care by accounting for people, processes, and the environments. The aim of this article is to illustrate the value of utilizing the Roy adaptation model in the care of a patients by reviewing nursing care provided to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19.

Patterns of Knowing and Being in the COVIDicene: An Epistemological and Ontological Reckoning for Posthumans.

The crucible of the COVIDicene distills critical issues for nursing knowledge as we navigate our dystopian present while unpacking our oppressive past and reimagining a radical future. Using Barbara Carper's patterns of knowing as a jumping-off point, the authors instigate provocations around traditional disciplinary theorizing for how to value, ground, develop, and position knowledge as nurses. The pandemic has presented nurses with opportunities to shift toward creating a more inclusive and just epistemology. Moving forward, we propose an unfettering of the patterns of knowing, centering emancipatory knowing, ultimately resulting in liberating the patterns from siloization, cocreating justice for praxis.

The Revelation of Beauty in Nursing.

A recent insight into the attributes of beauty is used to show its relations to nursing science and its theories and paradigms. It is indicated how insight into beauty came from energyspirit perceptions-experiences of feelings from art objects. Rogers and her science of unitary human beings are viewed from the attributes of beauty. It is recommended nursing consider beauty as a concept for the advancement of nursing science.

Ushering in a New Era for King's Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new era for nurses and healthcare. King's conceptual framework continues to provide a practical theoretical underpinning for nurse-client interactions in virtual care spaces that are now a pervasive part of the interacting systems framework. The author in this article discusses the current applications and future opportunities for applications of King's work in practice, education, and research.

Going above and beyond: using nursing theories to explore volunteerism during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Historically, nurses have volunteered to serve in wars and natural catastrophes. However, instead of a distant disaster, many nurses in the UK volunteered, working above and beyond, to assist their colleagues, local communities and health systems in the NHS during the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the motivations and benefits to the community or self of volunteerism have been discussed in the literature, there is a paucity of literature and theoretical understanding from the field of nursing. Using a reflective and personal account of volunteering, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the concept of volunteerism in nursing. By exploring associated nursing theories from Jean Watson and Kristen Swanson, this article aims to illuminate and expand the knowledge base about nursing volunteerism. These nursing theories can frame the act of volunteerism and nursing and illustrate the interrelations of nursing theory and the practice of nursing volunteerism.

COVID-19: An Organizational-theory-guided Holistic Self-caring and Resilience Project.

Purpose: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global human caring crisis, this article describes an innovative, theory-guided, holistic practice project at a major academic medical center in Northern California. The purpose of this theory-guided COVID-19 project was to address the self-care needs of caregivers so they could better care for patients/families who are confronting daily pandemic demands. Study design: The organization's professional practices are guided by Watson's theory of human caring and Caritas Processes. This setting has 16 Caritas Coaches® who have acquired expertise in human caring from an accredited program of the Watson Caring Science Institute (www.watsoncaringscience.org). Methods: Caritas Coaches® were mobilized to implement holistic caring-healing modalities such as aromatherapy and mindfulness meditation throughout the organization. Findings: By addressing the self-care needs of caregivers, the organizational culture shifted from fear, fatigue, stress, and burnout, to more intentional conscious, mindful, caring presence, gratitude, and purpose. Conclusion: This study has implications for other institutions regarding theory-guided practice and system responses to self-care needs of staff. This study provides an overview of the project from its origin to implementation and outcomes.

Selecting a theoretical framework to guide research on the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on nursing care delivery and the critical care work system (using Reed's Intermodern approach to theory critique).

Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on nursing care delivery in critical care work systems is urgently needed. Theoretical frameworks guide understanding of phenomena in research. In this paper, we critique four theoretical frameworks (Donabedian's Quality Model, the Quality Health Outcomes Model, the Systems Research Organizing Model, and the Systems Engineering (SEIPS) 2.0 Model) using (blinded) (2018) Intermodern philosophical perspective of nursing science. (blinded) (2018) Intermodern approach to theory critique was selected for its pragmatic perspective and focus on personal and professional health and wellbeing. The SEIPS 2.0 Model was ultimately selected to guide the study of the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on nursing care delivery in the critical care work systems.

The light of Florence Nightingale in the care for COVID-19 patients in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contributions of Florence Nightingale`s care model in the COVID- 19 pandemic. METHOD: Reflection that addresses her theoretical model and its validity in this pandemic, using interpretative research methods and limiting nursing care to primary care. RESULTS: Some pandemics that have caused great impact in humanity are reviewed throughout history; the evolution of nursing care in relation to pandemics is studied; the genesis of community nursing is considered, and Nightingale's care model is reviewed in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Florence Nightingale's thinking withstands the passage of time and, today, as the COVID-19 pandemic rages across the planet, her concept of holistic care and her idea of the art of nursing take on special significance by considering the context involving patients, families and communities.

Theoretical reflections of Leininger's cross-cultural care in the context of Covid-19.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on cross-cultural care for the population based on the theoretical assumptions and concepts of Leininger's Transcultural Theory, related to the recommendations for combating the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: Reflective theoretical study based on culturally competent care, related to the Brazilian reality, using the conceptual attributes of care, culture, and worldview. Critically articulated the reasonings about the guidelines for preserving, accommodating, and repatterning actions for the care of people. RESULTS: The nurse must know cross-cultural care in order to consider individual and/or collective treatment and respect the existing differences in beliefs and values. This premise corroborates the adherence to Covid-19 prevention and treatment recommendations. The lack of knowledge about the transmissibility and invisibility of the virus and the risk factors, combined with the cultural diversity of the population, can make it difficult to adhere to health recommendations. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Cross-cultural care favors the practice of health education and can provide conditions for greater adherence of the population to nursing actions.

Role of nurses in a field hospital aimed at patients with Covid-19.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of nurses in field hospitals aimed at patients with Covid-19. METHODS: Qualitative research based on Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology. Twenty nurses working in São Paulo were interviewed between May and June 2020. The testimonies were organized and analyzed based on the theoretical-methodological and thematic framework. RESULTS: The following categories emerged: "Nurses' challenges in field hospital care", "Visibility of nursing in the Covid-19 pandemic scenario" and "Covid-19 post-pandemic professional valorization". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The reflection on the results that emerged in this study may contribute to support improvements in training, working conditions and valuing nurses, considering the importance of this professional category in the scope of health services. New investigations may increase knowledge in the area, providing subsidies for professional role in this and other health situations that require nursing intensity and excellence.